Automotive Terms (I)

Many small partners who are not very familiar with the car should see some automobile articles are also dizzy. For many professional vocabulary is not very understanding, the following is a small make up of automotive knowledge popular articles, due to the article content more, special Divided into two parts, the first half is for everyone's reference.

first part

-1- Vehicle Equipment Quality (kg)

Refers to the quality of fully equipped vehicles, including the quality of all equipment such as lubricants, fuels, onboard tools, and spare tires.

-2-Maximum total weight (kg)

Refers to the total mass of the car when it is full.

-3- Maximum loading mass (kg)

Refers to the maximum loading quality of a car when driving on a road.

-4-Maximum axle load mass (kg)

It refers to the maximum total mass carried by a single axle of a car, which is related to the passage of roads.

-5-Car length, width, height

Length (mm): The distance between two extreme points in the length direction of the car.

Vehicle width (mm): It refers to the distance between two extreme points in the width direction of the car.

Vehicle height (mm): refers to the distance between the highest point of the car only the ground

-6- Wheelbase

Refers to the distance from the center of the front axle of the car to the center of the rear axle.

-7-track distance

Refers to the distance between the centerline of the tire treads on the same axle of the car.

-8- Front and rear suspension

Front suspension (mm): The distance from the rear end of the car to the center of the front axle.

Rear suspension (mm): The distance from the rear of the car to the center of the rear axle.

-9-Minimum ground clearance (mm)

When the car is full, the lowest point is the distance to the ground.

-10- Approach Angle, Departure Angle (°)

Proximity angle (°): The angle between the tangent to the front wheel and the ground at the front end of the car.

Departure angle (°): Refers to the angle between the tangent to the rear wheel and the ground at the rear end of the car.

-11- Turning radius (mm)

Refers to the radius of the trajectory circle of the center plane of the car's outside facing wheel on the vehicle support plane when the car turns. The turning radius when the steering wheel is turned to the limit position is the minimum turning radius.

-12- The maximum speed (km/h)

Refers to the maximum speed that a car can reach when driving on a straight road.

-13-Maximum grade (%)

Maximum climbing grade (%): refers to the maximum climbing ability when the car is full.

-14- Average Fuel Consumption (L/100km)

It refers to the average fuel consumption per 100 kilometers when the car is driving on the road.

-15- Number of wheels and number of driving wheels (n×m)

The number of wheels is based on the number of hubs, where n is the total number of wheels and m is the number of drive wheels.

the second part

-16-MPV

The full name is Multi-Purpose Vehicle, which is a multi-purpose vehicle. It combines the functions of a car, a wagon, and a van.

In recent years, MPVs tend to be miniaturized, and so-called S-MPVs have emerged. S is small. The S-MPV is generally between 4.2 and 4.3 meters long and has a compact body, typically five to seven seats.

-17-SUV

The full name of the SUV is Sport Utility Vehicle, which means sport utility vehicle. Now mainly refers to those who design avant-garde, novelty four-wheel drive off-road vehicles. The general front suspension of the SUV is a sedan-type independent suspension. The rear suspension is a non-independent suspension and has a large gap from the ground. To a certain degree, both the comfort of the car and the off-road performance of the off-road vehicle are achieved.

-18-RV

The full name is "Recreational Vehicle," which is a type of recreational vehicle. It is a type of car suitable for recreation, leisure, and travel. The country that first pointed out that the concept of RV cars is Japan. The coverage of RV is relatively extensive and there is no strict scope. Broadly speaking, light passenger cars other than cars and sports cars can be attributed to RV. MPV and SUV are also RVs.

-19- pickup

PICK-UP is also known as the car. As the name implies, it is also a car that uses a car front and a cab with an open freight car. It is characterized by the comfort of a sedan, without sacrificing the power, and it is also stronger than the car's ability to carry cargo and adapt to poor roads. The most common type of pick-up truck is a two-row seated pickup. This type of vehicle is currently the most widely held, and it is also the most popular pickup truck on the market.

-20-CDK car

Abbreviation for English Complete Knocked Down. Means "completely disassembled." In other words, when a CKD car is an importer, the car enters a state of complete dismantling, and then the car is assembled into a complete car. In the introduction of foreign advanced technologies for automobiles, China initially adopted the CKD assembly method, bought all the parts of foreign advanced models, and assembled it into domestic vehicles.

-21-zero-kilometer car

Zero-kilometer car is a sales term that refers to a car with a driving mileage of zero [or a lower mileage, such as not higher than 0.254m], and it appears in order to meet the customer's requirement of "absolutely new" for the purchased vehicle. Zero kilometers means that no one has driven since the car was brought down from the production line.

-22- Concept Car

The concept car was translated from English Conception Car. The concept car is not a model that will be put into production. It is merely a demonstration of the novelty, uniqueness and advancement of the designers. The concept car is still in the creative, experimental stage, and it is likely never to be put into production.

-23-Classic cars

Classic cars are also called classical cars and generally refer to cars that were 20 years ago or older. The classic car is a nostalgic product, a car that people have used in the past and can still work.

The concept of classic cars began in the 1970s and first appeared in a British magazine. In less than 10 years, more and more people are concerned about vintage cars, which has caused the dramatic increase in the value of vintage cars.

-24-Zero Emission Vehicle

Zero-emission vehicles are cars that do not emit any harmful pollutants, such as solar cars, pure electric cars, hydrogen cars, and so on. Some people also turn zero-emission vehicles into green cars, eco-friendly cars, eco-cars, and cleaner cars.

-25- Electric Vehicles

At present, what people refer to as electric vehicles are mostly pure electric vehicles, which are both a single battery as a source of energy storage. It uses a battery as a power source for energy storage. It uses a battery to provide electric power to a motor to drive the motor to drive the car.

-26-Hybrid

Hybrid vehicles are equipped with a set of internal combustion engines on pure electric vehicles. Their purpose is to reduce vehicle pollution and increase the mileage of pure electric vehicles. There are two types of hybrid vehicles: tandem and parallel. .

-27-Gas car

Gas vehicles mainly include liquefied petroleum gas vehicles (LPG vehicles or LPGV) and compressed natural gas vehicles (referred to as CNG vehicles or CNGV). As the name suggests, LPG vehicles are based on liquefied petroleum gas, and CNG vehicles are based on compressed natural gas. Gas vehicles are currently relatively low-emission cars.

the third part

-28- European II Emission Standards

The pollutants discharged from automobile exhaust gas mainly include hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulates (PM), etc., which are mainly discharged through automobile exhaust pipes. Due to the increasingly serious environmental pollution caused by vehicle emissions, countries and regions around the world have successively established limit values ​​for vehicle exhaust emissions. The European labeling developed by the European Union is a reference standard implemented by most countries and regions.

-29- State Five Standard

The five national standards, equivalent to the European Union's five European standards, have been implemented since 2009, and their restrictions on emissions of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and suspended particulates are more stringent. From country I to country IV, the pollution of bicycles is reduced by 30% to 50% for each standard raised.

-30-Car Recall

The so-called car recall (RECALL) is a car that is put on the market. It is found that defects in design or manufacturing are not consistent with the relevant laws and regulations, which may lead to safety and environmental problems. The manufacturer must promptly report to the relevant national authorities the existence of the product. Problems, causes of problems, and improvement measures, etc. A recall application was filed and the vehicles in use were refitted after approval to eliminate potential accidents.

fourth part

-31-V6 Engine

The number of cylinders commonly used in automotive engines is 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 cylinders. Engines with a displacement of 1L or less commonly use 3 cylinders; 1 to 2.5L is generally a 4-cylinder engine; 3L or so engines are generally 6 cylinders; 4L is about 8 cylinders; and 5.5L or more is a 12-cylinder engine. In general, under the same cylinder diameter, the more the number of cylinders, the greater the displacement, the higher the power; Under the same displacement, the more the number of cylinders, the smaller the bore diameter, the speed can be increased to obtain a larger power.

The arrangement of cylinders is mainly inline, V-shaped and W-shaped.

-32- compression ratio

Compression ratio refers to the ratio of the total volume of the cylinder to the volume of the fuel chamber, which indicates the degree to which the gas in the cylinder is compressed from the bottom to the dead center of the piston. Compression ratio is an important parameter to measure the performance index of automotive engines.

In general, the greater the compression ratio of the engine, the higher the pressure and temperature of the mixture gas at the end of the compression stroke, and the faster the combustion speed, the greater the power of the engine and the better the economy. However, when the compression ratio is too large, not only can it not further improve the combustion condition, but it will cause abnormal combustion phenomena such as detonation and surface ignition, which in turn will affect the performance of the engine. In addition, the increase in engine compression ratio is also limited by exhaust pollution regulations.

-33-Displacement

The working volume of the cylinder refers to the gas volume swept from the top dead center to the bottom dead center of the piston. It is also called single cylinder displacement and it depends on the bore diameter and the piston stroke. The engine displacement is the sum of the working volumes of each cylinder and is generally expressed in milliliters (ml). Engine displacement is one of the most important mechanical parameters. It is more representative of engine size than cylinder bore and cylinder number. Many engine indicators are closely related to displacement.

-34-Power

Power refers to the work done by an object in a unit of time. In a certain range of speed, the power of the engine of the car has a non-linear and positive relationship with the speed of the engine. The faster the speed, the greater the power, and vice versa, it reflects the ability of the car to work in a certain period of time. Compared with the same type of car, the higher the power is, the higher the speed is, and the highest speed of the car is also higher.

The output power of the engine is very much related to the speed. As the speed increases, the power of the engine also increases accordingly, but after a certain speed, the power tends to decrease. In general, the maximum output power of the engine is indicated while the revolution per minute (r/min) is marked, such as 73.5 kw (5000 r/min), that is, the maximum output power is 73.5 kw at 5,000 revolutions per minute.

The maximum power is often used to describe the dynamic performance of a car. The maximum power is generally expressed in horsepower (hp) or kilowatts (kw) and 1hp is equal to 0.735kw.

-35-torque

Torque is the force that rotates an object. The engine torque refers to the torque output from the crankshaft side of the engine. Under fixed power conditions, it is inversely proportional to the speed of the engine. The faster the speed, the smaller the torque, and vice versa, it reflects the load capacity of the car within a certain range.

The expression of the engine torque is Nm (N·M). As with the power, the maximum output torque of the engine is generally indicated along with the rotational speed per minute (r/min). The maximum torque generally occurs in the middle and low speed range of the engine. As the speed increases, the torque will decrease.

On some occasions, it can truly reflect the "natural" of the car. For example, when starting or driving in the mountains, the higher the torque, the better the car's operation will be. Compared with the same type of engine car, the larger the torque output, the greater the carrying capacity, the better the acceleration performance, the stronger the climbing ability, and the less the shifting times, the less the wear of the car will be. Especially when the car is started at zero speed, it shows the superiority of the high torque boosting speed.

-36-Multiple EFI

The EFI system of an automobile engine is generally composed of three parts: a fuel injection circuit, a sensor group, and an electronic control unit. If the injector is installed in the original carburetor position, ie the entire engine has only one petrol injection point, this is a single-point EFI; if the injector is installed on the intake pipe of each cylinder, ie the gasoline injection type is from multiple places (At least one injection point per cylinder) is injected into the cylinder, which is the multi-point EFI.

-37-Closed Loop Control

The closed-loop control of the engine EFI system is a real-time triangulation between the oxygen sensor, the computer and the fuel quantity control device. The oxygen sensor “tells” the air/fuel ratio of the computer mixture, and the computer issues a command to the fuel quantity control device to adjust the air/fuel ratio to the theoretical value (14.7:1). This adjustment often exceeds the theoretical value, the oxygen sensor rubs out and reports to the computer, and the computer reissues the order back to 14.7:1. Because each adjustment cycle is very fast, the air-fuel ratio does not deviate from 14.7:1. Once it is running, this closed-loop adjustment continues. The closed-loop controlled EFI engine can ensure that the engine not only has good dynamic performance, but also can save fuel because it can always run the engine under ideal conditions (the air-fuel ratio is not too much from the theoretical value).

-38-Multi-valve

Most of the traditional engines are one intake valve and one exhaust valve per cylinder. This two-valve gas distribution mechanism is relatively simple and the manufacturing cost is low. For an ordinary engine whose output power is not so high, it can obtain comparatively good results. Satisfactory engine output power and torque performance. For engines with larger displacements and larger power, multi-valve technology is used. In the simplest multi-valve technology, three-valve mechanism is used, that is, an intake valve is added on the basis of a two-valve structure in one row and one row.

In recent years, most of the cars newly developed by major automobile companies in the world have adopted the four-valve structure. In the four-valve gas distribution mechanism, each cylinder has two intake valves and two exhaust valves. The four-valve structure can greatly increase the efficiency of the engine's intake and exhaust. The four-valve technology is used in most new cars.

-39-Three-way catalytic converter

The three-way catalytic converter is the most important external purification device installed in the exhaust system of an automobile. It can convert harmful gases such as CO, HC, and NOx emitted from automobile exhaust into harmless carbon dioxide and water through oxidation and reduction. And nitrogen. Because this catalytic converter can convert the three main harmful substances in the exhaust gas into harmless ones at the same time, it is called ternary.

-40-Turbo (Turbo)

Turbo is abbreviated as Turbo. If you see Turbo or T in the tail of a car, it means that the engine used in the car is a turbocharged engine.

Turbocharging is actually an air compressor that increases air intake by compressing air. It uses the inertial impulse of the exhaust gas emitted by the engine to propel the turbine in the turbine chamber. The turbine then drives the impeller back to the shaft. The impeller presses the air sent by the air filter duct to pressurize it into the cylinder.

The biggest advantage of the turbocharger is that it can greatly increase the power and torque of the engine without increasing the engine's displacement.

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