CNC milling cutters and tool systems

There are many types of tools used in CNC milling and machining centers, which are divided into two major categories: milling tools and hole machining tools. The tools used are developing in the direction of standardization, generalization, and modularization. In order to meet the requirements of high efficiency and special milling, they have also developed. Various special-purpose special tools.

Milling cutter structure

The structure of the milling cutter is divided into three parts: the cutting part, the introduction part and the shank (Fig. 1). The shank of the milling cutter has a 7:24 taper shank. This type of taper shank does not self-lock, it is convenient for tool change and has high positioning accuracy and large rigidity.

Figure 1 Structure of a milling cutter

2. Tool system

Tool system refers to a series of clamping tools that connect CNC machine tools and tools. It is composed of tool holders, connecting rods, connecting sleeves, and chucks. CNC machine tool system can realize the fast and automatic clamping of the tool. With the increasing application of CNC tool systems, China has established a standardized, serialized, modular NC tool system. The tool system of CNC machine tools is divided into two types: integral and modular.

1) Integral Tool System TSG is divided into taper shank and straight shank according to the form of connecting rod. The code for the taper shank connecting rod is JT (Fig. 2); the code for the straight shank connecting rod is JZ (Fig. 3). The system is simple in structure, easy to use, flexible in installation and quick to replace. Due to the variety of tools and specifications, there is inconvenience for production, use, and management.

Figure 2 Tapered shank tool system

Figure 3 Straight shank tool system

2) The modular tool system TMG The modular tool system TMG has the following three structural forms: the cylindrical connection series TMG21 (Fig. 4 left), the axis is tightened with screws; the short cone positioning series TMG10 (Fig. 4 middle), The axis is tightened with screws; the long cone positioning series TMG14 (Fig. 4 right) is used to lock the tool with screws. The modular tool system is equipped with the least tools to meet the processing needs of different parts, so the system increases the flexibility of the tool system and is the advanced stage of the tool system development.

Figure 4 modular tool system

3. Introduction to cutting tools

1) Hole machining tool

1 Center drill For hole machining positioning.

2 Twist drills are mainly used for drilling holes.

3 Step drill is an efficient compound tool for drilling step holes.

4 Reamers Mainly used for hole finishing.

5 Boring knife Mainly used for hole drilling and hole finishing.

2) Milling tool

1 Plane Milling Cutter This type of milling cutter mainly has two forms of cylindrical cutter and face milling cutter.

2 Groove cutters The most common groove cutters are end mills, three-face disk mills, keyway mills and angle mills.

3 Mold cutters The milling cutters have various shapes such as spherical, convex, concave, and T-shaped.

4 Combined forming cutters The combination of multiple milling cutters and the machining of one or more parts at the same time can not only increase productivity, but also guarantee the quality of the parts.